Elephas maximus

Elephants are highly social animals, living in herds led by the oldest female (matriarch). They communicate through vocalizations, body language, and infrasound, displaying complex emotions and forming deep family bonds.

Female elephants, called cows, have a long gestation period of about 22 months, typically giving birth to a single calf. Calves are cared for by the entire herd, learning essential skills from experienced members over several years.

Elephants have a massive body with thick skin, large ears that help regulate body temperature, and tusks made of ivory. They are herbivores, consuming large quantities of vegetation daily and playing a crucial role in shaping their habitats.

Elephants have a rich cultural history and have been revered in many societies across Africa and Asia for centuries. They have been used in various human activities, including logging, transportation, and ceremonial purposes, leading to both domestication and conservation challenges.

Both African and Asian elephants face threats from habitat loss, poaching for ivory, and human-wildlife conflict. Conservation efforts focus on protecting their habitats, reducing illegal trade, and promoting coexistence with local communities to ensure their survival.