Probosciger aterrimus

Palm cockatoos are generally found alone, in pairs, or in small family groups and are highly territorial around nesting sites. They use loud calls, body movements, and dramatic crest displays to communicate, while males may drum sticks against tree trunks as part of their courtship behavior.

Breeding usually occurs during the dry season, although timing varies across different regions. Females typically lay a single egg in a large tree hollow, and both parents contribute to incubation and chick care, with the young remaining dependent on their parents for many months before becoming fully independent.

Palm cockatoos have mostly black plumage, a large curved black beak, an elongated crest, and bright red facial skin patches that become more visible during excitement. Their exceptionally strong beak allows them to break hard nuts and seeds, while their specialized feet help them manipulate food and nesting materials.

The palm cockatoo was scientifically described by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1788. It has long attracted attention because of its unusual appearance, intelligence, and tool-using behavior, and it is considered one of the most distinctive members of the cockatoo family.

The palm cockatoo is classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, although some regional populations are declining. Major threats include habitat loss, especially the removal of large old trees needed for nesting, as well as illegal trapping and disturbance of breeding sites.