Sarcophilus harrisii

Tasmanian devils are primarily nocturnal and generally forage alone, although several individuals may gather noisily around a large carcass. They are opportunistic predators and scavengers with an excellent sense of smell, consuming carrion as well as mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, and other available food.

Mating generally occurs between February and May, followed by a gestation period of approximately 21 days. A female may give birth to as many as 40 tiny young, but only four can survive in her pouch because she has four teats.

Tasmanian devils have muscular bodies, large heads, powerful jaws, short hind legs, and dark brown or black fur that commonly bears white markings across the chest or rump. Their strong teeth and bite allow them to crush and consume bones, while their loud screeches, growls, and snarls gave rise to their intimidating common name.

Fossil evidence shows that Tasmanian devils were once widespread across mainland Australia but disappeared there approximately 3,200–3,500 years ago, leaving Tasmania as their principal natural refuge. The accepted scientific name is attributed to Pierre Boitard, who described Sarcophilus harrisii in 1841.

The Tasmanian devil is classified as Endangered internationally and under Australian and Tasmanian threatened-species legislation. Its most serious threat is Devil Facial Tumour Disease, a contagious cancer that has caused severe regional declines, while road collisions, habitat disturbance, and reduced genetic diversity create additional pressures; conservation measures include disease monitoring, captive insurance populations, and managed releases.