Lithobates catesbeianus

American Bullfrogs are voracious predators, consuming almost anything they can overpower and swallow, including insects, fish, small birds, rodents, and even other amphibians. They are primarily nocturnal but can be active during the day in cooler weather. They are excellent swimmers and spend much of their time in or near bodies of freshwater.

Breeding occurs from late spring to early summer. Males establish and defend territories and attract females with their loud, deep calls. Females lay thousands of eggs in large, floating masses in still waters. Tadpoles can take up to two years to metamorphose into frogs, depending on environmental conditions.

American Bullfrogs are among the largest North American frogs, with males reaching sizes of up to 8 inches (20 cm) from snout to vent. They have powerful hind legs, adapted for leaping and swimming, and smooth, moist skin that varies in color depending on habitat and age.

Originally native to the eastern United States and Canada, the American Bullfrog has been introduced widely across other parts of North America, South America, Europe, and Asia, often for aquaculture or as pets.

While not currently at risk in their native range, American Bullfrogs are considered invasive in many areas where they have been introduced. They can outcompete and prey on native species, disrupting local ecosystems. Efforts to manage and control their populations are ongoing in several regions to protect native wildlife.