Ovibos moschatus

Musk Oxen are herd animals that live in groups, ranging from a few individuals to larger herds. They are well-adapted to cold environments and are known for their social behavior. During the winter, they form tight-knit groups to conserve heat. When threatened, Musk Oxen circle around their young and face outward, using their sharp horns for protection.

Female Musk Oxen, known as cows, give birth to a single calf in the spring. Calves are typically born with a protective coat of fur and can stand and walk shortly after birth. The herd collectively watches over the calves, providing protection from predators.

Musk Oxen have a robust body covered with a dense, woolly coat that serves as insulation in cold climates. Their thick fur can be brown, black, or gray, and it extends to the ground. Both males (bulls) and females have curved, sharp horns that are used for defense and competition. These curved horns can reach impressive lengths.

Musk Oxen have a long history of interaction with indigenous peoples in the Arctic, who have hunted them for their meat, hides, and fur. The name "Musk Ox" originates from the strong musky odor emitted by males during the rutting season.

Musk Oxen faced significant population declines in the past due to hunting and habitat loss. However, they have been the subject of conservation efforts, including reintroduction programs in some areas. They are currently listed as a species of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), although the status of individual populations can vary. Conservation measures include hunting regulations and habitat protection to ensure the continued survival of these iconic Arctic mammals.