Pagophilus groenlandicus

Harp seals are highly social animals, forming large colonies on floating ice during breeding and molting seasons. They are known for their extensive migrations following pack ice as it recedes northward in the spring. Harp seals can dive to depths of over 270 meters and can remain submerged for up to 15 minutes, although their usual dives last around three to seven minutes.

The breeding season for harp seals occurs once a year, typically in late February to April, depending on their location. Females give birth to a single pup on the ice, and the nursing period is remarkably short, lasting only about 12 to 15 days. After weaning, the pups are left on their own, and the females are ready to mate again. The rapid weaning process is followed by mass migrations to feeding grounds.

Adult harp seals typically range from 1.7 to 2 meters in length and weigh between 115 to 140 kilograms, with males generally being slightly larger than females. They have a streamlined body adapted for efficient swimming, with flippers that help them maneuver in the water.

Harp seals have been hunted for centuries for their fur, oil, and meat. The commercial seal hunt, particularly the hunting of whitecoats (young pups with white fur), has been a subject of international controversy and has led to various levels of regulation and protest over the years.

The current status of harp seals varies by region but overall, they are not considered endangered. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the harp seal is classified as "Least Concern" due to its large population size and widespread range. However, they are still threatened by climate change, as melting ice affects their breeding grounds, as well as by commercial hunting and bycatch in fishing gear. Conservation efforts continue to monitor populations and regulate hunting practices to ensure their survival.