Panthera leo

Lions are unique among big cats for their social structure, living in groups called prides that consist of females, their cubs, and a few males. They are cooperative hunters, with females primarily responsible for hunting. Lions are territorial and communicate through a range of vocalizations, including roars that can be heard up to 8 km away.

Lionesses are polyestrous and can mate several times a year, with a gestation period of about 110 days. Cubs are born blind and vulnerable, hidden away by their mothers for the first few weeks of life. The pride's females often synchronize their reproductive cycles and can help nurse each other's cubs.

Lions are known for their muscular build, deep chest, and a large head with a mane that is unique to male lions. Their coat is a tawny color, providing camouflage in the African grasslands and savannas where they reside.

Lions have been revered throughout human history, symbolizing strength and courage in various cultures. They were once found throughout Africa, Asia, and Europe but now are mostly limited to sub-Saharan Africa and a small population in western India.

Lions are classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List, with their populations declining due to habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, and poaching. Conservation efforts focus on habitat conservation, mitigating human-lion conflicts, and ensuring genetic diversity to preserve future populations.