Balaena mysticetus

Bowhead whales are highly sociable and often seen in groups. They are known for their rich repertoire of songs, especially during breeding seasons. Bowheads are capable of breaking through Arctic ice up to a half meter thick to create breathing holes.

Bowhead whales typically breed every 3 to 4 years. Females give birth to a single calf after a gestation period of about 13 to 14 months, usually in the spring. The calves are nursed for at least a year and stay close to their mothers during this time.

One of the bowhead whale’s most distinctive features is its massive skull, which can be almost 40% of its body length. They have thick blubber, up to 50 cm (20 inches) thick, which helps insulate them in freezing temperatures. Unlike other whales, bowheads lack a dorsal fin.

Historically, bowhead whales were a primary target for the whaling industry due to their thick blubber and long baleen, which were highly valued. Intensive hunting significantly reduced their populations from the 17th to early 20th centuries.

Bowhead whales are currently classified as "Least Concern" by the IUCN, but they are still considered at risk due to threats such as climate change, which impacts their ice habitat, and potential disturbances from oil and gas development. Conservation efforts focus on monitoring populations, protecting critical habitats, and regulating marine traffic to reduce noise and strikes.